108. Humbert de Superville, Appendice du troisième livre, la statuaire comme art absolu: le géant de la côte, symbolisant la Hollande, in Essai, pp. iii-vi.
109. Humbert de Superville, P.K.L., MS 35, "Geographische aanteekeningen" ( Geographical Notes), fol. 262a. For an illustration of the Cape of Good Hope and its prominent geographical features, including the "leeuwenberg," see Pierre Kolbe, Description du Cap de Bonne-Ésperance (Amsterdam: Chez Jean Catuffe, 1741), 2: 5.
110. Horapollo Hieroglyphics 1. 19, 21. Humbert knew this work; see P.K.L., MS 6, "Catalogue de ma petite bibliothèque," fol. 53f.
111. Letter, J.-E. Humbert to L. E. Luzac, April 2, 1830, Museum of Antiquities, Leiden, Archives. Jean-Émile wrote in 1830: "Milles choses au cher David. Je lui ecrirai au long. Dans peu il aura le lion du Capitole."
112. Piranesi, Cammini, p. 14.
113. Humbert de Superville, Le Géant de la côte, pp. iii-iv.
114. Franz Cumont, The Mysteries of Mithra, trans. Thomas J. McCormack ( Chicago: Open Court Publishing Company, 1903), p. 105. Origen is of particular interest here when he confutes Celsus's Ophite version of Christianity. Celsus discusses the seven archontic demons in the Gnostic universe. Itdabaoth or the lion-headed is Saturn. ". . . and they say that the star Saturn is in sympathy with the lion-like Archon." See Origen Contra Celsus 6. 31. This passage is reminiscent of Porphyry, who seems to describe initiates into Mithraism as wearing animal masks, one of which corresponded with the lion. See Porphyry On the Abstinence from Animal Food 4. 16.
115. Max Müller, Egyptian Mythology (Boston: Marshall Jones Co., 1923), p. 44.
116. Benoît de Maillet, Telliamed, ou entretiens d'un philosophe indien avec un missionnaire fran¨ois sur la diminution de la mer, la formation de la terre, I'origine de l'homme ( Amsterdam: Chez l'Honore & fils, Libraires, 1758), 1: 131.
117. Volney, Égypte et Syrie, p. 147.
118. Humbert de Superville, Le Géant de la côte, p. iv. The quotation comes from Seneca Epistle 9.
119. Seneca, Quaestiones naturales 3. 30, 7-8.