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</span></a><o:p></o:p></b></span></p> </td> <td width=98 valign=top style='width:73.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-line-height-alt:0pt'><span style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";color:#999999'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span><a href="http://home.uchicago.edu/~annawyw/photos.html"><span style='color:#999999'>Photos</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width=121 valign=top style='width:90.9pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-line-height-alt:0pt'><span style='font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";color:#999999'><a href="http://home.uchicago.edu/~annawyw/fun.html"><span style='color:#999999'>Just for Fun</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width=98 valign=top style='width:73.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal>&nbsp;</p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:1;height:4.0pt'> <td width=191 valign=top style='width:142.9pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:4.0pt'> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-line-height-alt:0pt'>&nbsp;<span style='font-size:2.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width=104 valign=top style='width:78.05pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:4.0pt'> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-line-height-alt:0pt'>&nbsp;<span style='font-size:2.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width=98 valign=top style='width:73.8pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:4.0pt'> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-line-height-alt:0pt'>&nbsp;<span style='font-size:2.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width=98 valign=top style='width:73.8pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:4.0pt'> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-line-height-alt:0pt'>&nbsp;<span style='font-size:2.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width=121 valign=top style='width:90.9pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:4.0pt'> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-line-height-alt:0pt'>&nbsp;<span style='font-size:2.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width=98 valign=top style='width:73.8pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:4.0pt'> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-line-height-alt:0pt'>&nbsp;<span style='font-size:2.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:2'> <td width=711 colspan=6 valign=top style='width:533.25pt;border:none; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>                         </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>Job Market Paper:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><a href="http://home.uchicago.edu/~annawyw/aw_nov_jmp.pdf">Measuring Trade Barriers: An Application to China's Domestic Trade</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>Abstract<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Domestic trade protectionism across Chinese provinces appears to high and rising even as China has become more integrated with the global economy (Young, 2000; <span class=SpellE>Poncet</span>, 2003). I examine this claim for the period 1992 to 2002 by exploiting Chinese provincial level domestic trade data. Because of the difficulty in measuring trade barriers and limited domestic trade data, existing studies on the topic relied on indirect inferences or estimation of border effects. I apply a method of calculating trade barriers that addresses the limitation of the data with making minimal estimation assumptions. I find that the ad valorem tariff-equivalent level of domestic trade barriers for all goods and services are 54%, 56%, and 61% in 1992, 1997, and 2002, respectively. Trade barriers in manufacture goods, however, are substantially lower at 49% in 2002. Furthermore, I verify that domestic trade barriers rose from 1992 to 1997, as suggested by previous studies, and continued to rise in the later period of 1997 to 2002. Finally, I derive an extended version of the trade barriers measure in a gravity model that allows for product upgrading. This accounts for features of industries that have experienced high growth in China in the later period. With this extension, I find that the change in domestic fixed trade barriers is even more pronounced than in the benchmark model. As domestic trade is almost twice as large as international trade in China's economy, an implication of the findings of this paper is that domestic trade can potentially overtake international trade as the more important driver of China's growth if decline in domestic trade barriers were to hasten. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>Secondary Paper:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Gravity <span class=SpellE>Redux</span>: How Does Urban Structure Affect External Trade?<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>Abstract<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>This paper provides a novel explanation for understanding the determinants of external trade between countries by linking the internal economic geography of a country to its international trade. Using city-level trade data of China and the United States, I document that (1) exports are concentrated in large cities and (2) the export value and number of firms in large cities are disproportionately greater than their population size. I then extend the Chaney (2008) model by parameterizing the probability of export to take into account this scale effect of exports. I show that a country that experiences a faster shift in its internal population into larger cities relative to its trading partners would experience an increase in exports, ceteris paribus, whereas the trading partners would experience an increase in imports and decrease in exports to the <span class=SpellE>orign</span> country. I test the model predictions by estimating cross section of the gravity equation, augmented with the urban variables. I show that there is some evidence pointing to an urban structure effect on international trade. The implication of this result is that mobility of internal population affects international trade, and therefore since developing countries are most likely to experience a larger shift of its population into cities relative to developed countries, they are almost likely to experience an increase in trade with developed countries.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>Work in Progress:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Product Cycles and City Hierarchy<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>Other Papers:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'><a href="http://ideas.repec.org/p/nbr/nberwo/16390.html"><span style='color: #333333'>Does a Leapfrogging Growth Strategy Raise Growth Rate?<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>Some International Evidence</span></a>, NBER Working Papers 16390 (2010).<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>(with <span class=SpellE>Zhi</span> Wang and Shang-<span class=SpellE>jin</span> Wei)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'><a href="http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1003865"><span style='color:#333333'>Measurement and Inference in International Reserve Diversification</span></a>, Peterson Institute for International Economics Working Paper No 07-6 (July 2007)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'><a href="http://ssrn.com/abstract=902034"><span style='color:#333333'>The Case for an International Reserve Diversification Standard</span></a>, Peterson Institute for International Economics Working Paper No. 06-2 (May 2006).<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>(with Truman, Edwin)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>The Next Emerging Market Crisis:<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>What Might it Look Like?<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>A chapter in <i><a href="http://www.brookings.edu/press/Books/2005/financialcrises.aspx"><span style='color:#333333'>Financial Crises:<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>Lessons from the Past, Preparation for the Future</span></a>, </i>Brookings Institution Press and the World Bank Group, (with Morris Goldstein), 2005.</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-line-height-alt:0pt'>&nbsp;<span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:3'> <td width=295 colspan=2 valign=top style='width:220.95pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-line-height-alt:0pt'>&nbsp;</p> </td> <td width=98 valign=top style='width:73.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-line-height-alt:0pt'>&nbsp;</p> </td> <td width=98 valign=top style='width:73.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-line-height-alt:0pt'>&nbsp;</p> </td> <td width=121 valign=top style='width:90.9pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-line-height-alt:0pt'>&nbsp;</p> </td> <td width=98 valign=top style='width:73.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-line-height-alt:0pt'>&nbsp;</p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:4'> <td width=295 colspan=2 valign=top style='width:220.95pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-line-height-alt:0pt'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></p> </td> <td width=98 valign=top style='width:73.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-line-height-alt:0pt'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></p> </td> <td width=98 valign=top style='width:73.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-line-height-alt:0pt'>&nbsp;</p> </td> <td width=121 valign=top style='width:90.9pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-line-height-alt:0pt'>&nbsp;</p> </td> <td width=98 valign=top style='width:73.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-line-height-alt:0pt'>&nbsp;</p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:5;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes'> <td width=295 colspan=2 valign=top style='width:220.95pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-line-height-alt:0pt'>&nbsp;</p> </td> <td width=98 valign=top style='width:73.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-line-height-alt:0pt'>&nbsp;</p> </td> <td width=98 valign=top style='width:73.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-line-height-alt:0pt'>&nbsp;</p> </td> <td width=121 valign=top style='width:90.9pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-line-height-alt:0pt'>&nbsp;</p> </td> <td width=98 valign=top style='width:73.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-line-height-alt:0pt'>&nbsp;</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;text-align:center;background:white'>&nbsp;</p> </div> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; 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